RECOMMENDATIONS FOR ORGANIC USE AND MINERAL
In agriculture, the organic fertilizers use is one of the important factors in increasing soil fertility, growing abundant and high-quality crops.
Organic fertilizers improve the water-holding properties and microbiological condition of the soil, greatly contribute to the effective use of mineral fertilizers and enrich the soil air with carbon dioxide, which is necessary for better photosynthesis.
In addition to nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, organic fertilizers also enrich the soil with trace elements necessary for plants, which are not present in mineral fertilizers.
Organic fertilizers are considered complex and versatile fertilizers, and their widespread use in agriculture is very effective.
Organic fertilizers that can be used include animal manure and bird droppings, compost and green fertilizers (leaves and stems of sidereal plants).
Animal manure: This is the main organic fertilizer consisting of cattle manure, horse manure and small animal manure collected from farms and huts.
According to agricultural experts, it should be noted that 40 t / ha of manure contains 150-200 kg / ha of pure nitrogen, 100-120 kg / ha of phosphorus and 200-250 kg / ha of potassium. In addition, the manure can be used faster and better by the plants. One ton of manure contains 5 kg of nitrogen, 2.5 kg of phosphorus and up to 6 kg of potassium. Manure is mainly useful for growing cotton, corn, vegetables: potatoes and melons.
If there is a lack of manure, apply it before plowing at the rate of 30-40 t / ha according to the principle of crop rotation, i.e. annually 20-25% of the land is fertilized with mineral fertilizers (nitrogen, phosphorus). in the first year up to 50%, and in the second - up to 30%. In this case, there is no need to use potash fertilizers..
Annual fertilizer rate for major crops
|
Crops |
N – nitrogen, (kg / ha) |
P – phosphorus,(kg / ha) |
K – potassium, (kg / ha) |
|
Cotton |
150-200 |
120-140 |
60-80 |
|
grain |
80-100 |
60-80 |
30-60 |
|
Corn |
150-200 |
90-120 |
60-80 |
|
Barley |
60-80 |
50-70 |
30-40 |
|
Sunflower |
100-120 |
60-90 |
40-60 |
|
Rice |
120-150 |
70-90 |
30-40 |
|
Potato |
110-130 |
100-150 |
60-80 |
|
Tomato |
80-100 |
100-120 |
30-40 |
|
Cabbage |
100-150 |
90-100 |
40-60 |
|
Onion |
150-180 |
60-80 |
40-60 |
|
Carrot |
60-80 |
30 |
30-40 |
|
Bell pepper |
60-80 |
40-60 |
30-40 |
|
Cucamber |
100-120 |
60-80 |
30-40 |
|
Pumpkin |
100-150 |
80-100 |
50-80 |
|
Garlic |
90-120 |
90 |
60 |
|
Beet |
100-150 |
200 |
100-120 |
|
Turnip and radish |
30-40 |
30-40 |
30-40 |
|
Watermelon and melon |
120-150 |
80-100 |
30-60 |
It should be noted that the above-mentioned annual fertilizer rates were determined as a result of many years of experience of specialists in the field of agriculture of the country. Managers, farm specialists, farmers and tenants can use this rate up to 20-30% or more, depending on their economic conditions.
Source: Department of Agrometeorology of the Agency for Hydrometeorology of the
Committee for Environmental Protection under the Government of the Republic of Tajikistan.
